1) To find out the location of a specific gene located on a specific chromosome: FISH hybridization is done with the appropriate gene-specific probe labeled with the fluorescent dye. The test will give the binding of the gene-specific probe labeled with the fluorescent dye to the respective chromosome at the specific position, where the gene is located.
2) Detection of translocation: Chromosomes that have undergone translocation will have two segments. When it is subjected to the technique of chromosome painting it will take different probes and appear in two colors or multicolored depending on the number of translocations.
3) Detecting chromosome abnormalities: FISH has improved the efficiency of screening cells for chromosome abnormalities in mutagenic studies and for testing the mutagenic ability of chemicals and other potent mutagens in the environment. It has also improved the detection of chromosome aberrations and rearrangements associated with tumour and cancer.
4) To find out the chromosomal similarity between divergent species: Use of the same chromosome paint for chromosomes of different species reveals the extent of chromosome rearrangements since divergence of the species. Such studies reveal extensive synteny between fairly divergent species.
5) Clinical applications: With the use of this technique, it is possible to easily identify the presence of numerous chromosomal translocations and unambiguously identify structural alterations in cancer cell lines (for example, a giant marker chromosome (marl) in the aneuploid breast cancer cell line, SKBR3). The application of these techniques should facilitate analysis of chromosomal aberrations and genetic abnormalities in various human diseases including cancer.
Tags: Bio Technology, Bio Genetics, Chromosome Painting
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